\log
The initial iteration of this file was provided by Tom Davinroy on 2
February 1994. Minor editorial revisions were made by RCI on that
date as well, and the file was put under sccs control.[RCI 2 February
1994] Comments supplied by TD on 3 February 1994 were incorporated
into the documentation and data sections on 3 February 1994.[RCI
3 February 1994]
\doc
TITLE. Precipitation and temperature in alpine couloirs.
ABSTRACT. Precipitation and temperature were measured on a biweekly
basis, during the summer months, within couloirs above the Green
Lakes and Isabelle Valleys. Tru-Chek wedge shaped rain gauges were
mounted on the south side of wooden stakes so that the orifice was
approximately 52 cm above the surface. The water depth (mm) in the
gauge was recorded. On subsequent visits the new water depth was
recorded and the reset water depth was recorded. Gauges contained
3-4 mm of oil to retard evaporation, and were emptied (reset) when
water depth exceeded 50 mm or when insect accumulations exceeded 10 mm.
Taylor Instruments Min-Max thermometers were mounted approximately
50 cm above ground on the north side of the same stakes, sheltered by
tin and plastic shields. The current time, current temperature, maximum
temperature and minimum temperature were recorded. Minimum and maximum
temperature markers were reset to the current temperature. Proximity to
the surface and inadequate shielding resulted in anomalously high
temperature readings, particularly on sunny days.
INVESTIGATOR. Tom Davinroy, INSTAAR, CB 450, University of Colorado,
Boulder, CO, 80309-0450, (303) 492-4815, tdavinro@culter.colorado.edu.
VARIABLES. precipitation, temperature.
KEYWORDS. precipitation, temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, Meteorology and Climatology, hydrology.
LOCATION. Study sites were alpine couloirs dissecting the flanks of
Niwot Ridge and Kiowa Peak, above the Green Lakes and Isabelle Valleys.
Original data are stored at Research Laboratory #1 (Room 179).
TIMING. begin 5 August 1992, end 14 October 1993, biweekly during the
summer months.
CITATIONS. [1]Davinroy, T.C. 1994. Rates and controls of rock movement
through alpine couloirs, Colorado Front Range. M.S. thesis, University
of Colorado, Boulder. 161 pp.
COMMENTS. Isabelle couloir (Is), located on the north side of Niwot
Ridge, 120 m northeast of D-1, descends to a large talus cone east of
Lake Isabelle. Chimney couloir (Chim), located on the south side of
Niwot Ridge, is the westernmost couloir of a prominent cliff band
immediately above Green Lake 1. Niwot couloir (N) is located on the
south side of Niwot Ridge, immediately above the west end of Green Lake
5. Kiowa couloir (K) is located immediately above the rock glacier on
the north face of Kiowa Peak (above Green Lake 5).
All data refer to vertical lowering of the snowpack surface
(cm or cm/day).
The Niwot3 site was virtually destroyed by snow creep and avalanches
during the spring of 1993. The thermometer survived but was relocated
to the shelter of a nearby niche in the rocks. Thus, the data for this
site for 09/10/93 and 09/23/93 are of questionable reliability.
\type
statistical
\header
COL1. label=date (mm/dd/yy), type=string, units=none, missing value
indicator=absence of value, minimum=08/05/92, maximum=10/14/93,
precision=
COL2. label=Julian date, type=integer, units=none, missing value
indicator=absence of value, minimum=138, maximum=273, precision=1
COL3. label=site, type=string, units=none, missing value indicator=
absence of value, minimum=, maximum=, precision=
COL4. label=time (hh:mm MDT), type=string, units=none, missing value
indicator=absence of value, minimum=00:00, maximum=23:59, precision=
COL5. label=water depth in precipitation gauge, type=real, units=mm,
missing value indicator=absence of value, minimum=0.0, maximum=99.0,
precision=0.5
COL6. label=reset depth, type=real, units=mm, missing value indicator=
absence of value, minimum=0.0, maximum=99.0, precision=0.5
COL7. label=total precipitation since last reading, type=real, units=mm,
missing value indicator=absence of value, minimum=0.0, maximum=99.0,
precision=0.5
COL8. label=current temperature, type=real, units=degrees Celsius,
missing value indicator=absence of value, minimum=-40.0, maximum=80.0,
precision=0.1
COL9. label=maximum temperature, type=real, units=degrees Celsius,
missing value indicator=absence of value, minimum=-40.0, maximum=80.0,
precision=0.1
COL10. label=minimum temperature, type=real, units=degrees Celsius,
missing value indicator=absence of value, minimum=-40.0, maximum=80.0,
precision=0.1
{*********************************************************************
If the data section below contains no data then you will need to
obtain permission from the investigator listed in the documentation
section of this file. If you have obtained permission or if the data
are already contained in this file, include the following
acknowledgment (in addition to an acknowledgment of the investigator)
in any published use of these data: "Logistical support
and/or data were provided by the Niwot Ridge Long-Term Ecological
Research project (NSF DEB 0423662) and the Mountain Research Station
(BIR 9115097)." Please send 4 reprints or high-quality copies of any
such publications to Todd Ackerman, NWT LTER data manager,
INSTAAR, CB 450, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0450.
The data contained in these files have many sources. Generally,
data collected prior to 1993 would have been subjected to quality
control standards imposed by the investigator. Data after 1992
were likely to have been manually entered and/or processed in the
NWT LTER central data management laboratory. Detailed information
on the quality control protocols and programs associated with any
data routed through the NWT LTER data management laboratory will
be supplied upon request. The user of these data should be aware
that, while efforts have been taken to ensure that these data are
of the highest quality, there is no guarantee of perfection for
the data contained herein and the possibility of errors exists.
If you encounter questionable data, please contact the NWT LTER
data manager (todda@culter.colorado.edu; (303) 492-4771) so that
the data can be corrected or qualified. Thus, these data should
be considered dynamic in that past data may be modified and future
data will be appended.
******************************************************************}
\data
08/25/92,238,D-1,,,0.0,,12,,,
09/04/92,248,D-1,,12.5,0.0,12.5,0,19,-4,
09/05/92,249,D-1,,0.0,0.0,0.0,-1,14,-3,
09/12/92,256,D-1,,21.0,0.0,21.0,6.5,19,-4,
05/18/93,138,D-1,,,0.0,0.0,7,,,
05/27/93,147,D-1,,,0.0,0.0,13,17,-5,
06/03/93,154,D-1,12:14,13.0,0.0,13.0,-3,20,-7,
06/11/93,162,D-1,,6.0,6.0,6.0,,,,
06/17/93,168,D-1,,12.0,12.0,6.0,-4,11,-8,
06/23/93,174,D-1,,43.0,0.0,31.0,9,,,
07/08/93,189,D-1,13:00,0.0,0.0,0.0,9,22,-5,
07/20/93,201,D-1,10:00,0.0,0.0,0.0,20,25,0,
07/27/93,208,D-1,9:45,12.5,0.0,12.5,5,26,-1,
07/28/93,209,D-1,7:33,7.0,7.0,7.0,12,15,2,
07/29/93,210,D-1,9:50,10.0,10.0,3.0,18,25,1,
08/03/93,215,D-1,9:04,10.0,10.0,0.0,7,26,2,
08/04/93,216,D-1,6:45,10.0,0.0,0.0,2,21,0,
08/11/93,223,D-1,9:02,10.0,0.0,10.0,9,25,0,
08/12/93,224,D-1,7:00,0.0,0.0,0.0,6,16,2,
08/13/93,225,D-1,7:00,7.0,7.0,7.0,8,22,2,
08/16/93,228,D-1,9:15,7.0,7.0,0.0,15,21,2,
09/09/93,252,D-1,9:20,7.0,7.0,0.0,12,25,-4,
09/10/93,253,D-1,7:05,8.0,8.0,1.0,6,18,-0.5,
09/23/93,266,D-1,11:40,28.0,28.0,20.0,13,15,-13,
09/24/93,267,D-1,7:00,28.0,28.0,0.0,-1.5,16,-4,
09/25/93,268,D-1,6:45,50.0,0.0,22.0,-6,11,-6,
09/30/93,273,D-1,15:30,0.0,0.0,0.0,8,15,-12,
08/05/92,218,Niwot1,,0.5,0.5,0.5,4,,,
08/14/92,227,Niwot1,9:10,,,,8.5,23,1,
08/19/92,232,Niwot1,,,0.0,,23,24,-1,
09/04/92,248,Niwot1,10:05,9.5,1.0,9.5,11,23,-3,
09/12/92,256,Niwot1,,11.0,0.0,10.0,7,16,-6,
10/25/92,299,Niwot1,,40.0,0.5,40.0,7,19,-15,
06/24/93,175,Niwot1,12:00,29.0,0.0,28.5,14,,,
07/08/93,189,Niwot1,14:35,56.0,0.0,56.0,8,26,-2,
07/20/93,201,Niwot1,12:30,,0.0,0.0,14,24,0,
07/28/93,209,Niwot1,11:00,18.0,1.0,18.0,7,22,-3,
08/04/93,216,Niwot1,12:05,1.2,1.2,0.2,14,21,-1,
08/13/93,225,Niwot1,10:30,4.0,4.0,2.8,10,21,0,
09/10/93,253,Niwot1,10:25,16.0,16.0,,12,23,-4,
09/23/93,266,Niwot1,15:20,17.5,1.0,13.5,10,15,-12,
08/05/92,218,Niwot2,,25.0,25.0,24.0,6,,,
08/14/92,227,Niwot2,,45.5,0.0,20.5,9.5,28,1,
08/19/92,232,Niwot2,,,0.0,,25,31,0,
08/25/92,248,Niwot2,,15.0,0.5,15.0,10,33,-2.5,
09/04/92,256,Niwot2,,14.5,1.0,14.0,14,24,-3,
09/12/92,299,Niwot2,,47.0,2.0,46.0,7,16,-6,
06/24/93,175,Niwot2,14:35,34.0,1.0,32.0,9,27,-15,
07/08/93,189,Niwot2,15:37,29.0,0.0,28.0,3,28,-3,
07/20/93,201,Niwot2,14:00,70.0,1.5,69.0,20,31,2,
07/28/93,209,Niwot2,13:00,22.5,1.0,21.0,23,31,2,
08/04/93,216,Niwot2,14:25,2.0,2.0,1.0,17,30,0,
08/13/93,225,Niwot2,12:10,5.0,5.0,3.0,20,35,2,
09/10/93,253,Niwot2,12:17,16.0,16.0,,16,31,-4,
09/23/93,266,Niwot2,16:04,21.5,1.5,16.5,10,19,-9,
08/05/92,218,Niwot3,,21.5,21.5,20.0,8,,,
08/14/92,227,Niwot3,,19.5,0.0,-2.0,12,28,3,
08/19/92,232,Niwot3,,,0.0,,29,30,1,
08/25/92,248,Niwot3,,15.0,1.0,15.0,14,29,-1,
09/04/92,256,Niwot3,,13.0,0.5,12.0,17,24,-2,
09/12/92,299,Niwot3,,35.0,1.5,34.5,9,18,-6,
09/10/93,253,Niwot3,,34.0,0.0,32.5,17,51,-3,
09/23/93,266,Niwot3,16:45,26.0,0.0,26.0,12,30,-15,
08/07/92,220,Is-1,,,0,,10,,,
08/18/92,231,Is-1,,20,1.5,20,12,27,0,
08/24/92,237,Is-1,,42,2.5,40.5,1,24,0,
09/05/92,249,Is-1,,36,0,33.5,1.5,24,-3,
09/12/92,256,Is-1,,12,0,12,10,22,-2,
09/26/92,270,Is-1,,22,0,22,5,22,-9,
05/18/93,138,Is-1,,,0,0,2,,,
05/27/93,147,Is-1,,,,0,16,18,-5,
06/03/93,154,Is-1,12:20,,,0,0,20,-6,
06/11/93,162,Is-1,,,0,0,11,25,-9,
06/23/93,174,Is-1,,38,0,38,8,21,-3,
06/24/93,175,Is-1,9:00,0,0,0,0,,,
07/08/93,189,Is-1,10:13,50,0,50,9,17,-6,
07/21/93,202,Is-1,9:20,7,7,7,22,23,0,
07/27/93,208,Is-1,12:15,9,9,2,7,9,0,
07/28/93,209,Is-1,7:10,9,9,0,13,13,4,
07/29/93,210,Is-1,8:00,9,9,0,19,,0,
08/03/93,215,Is-1,9:22,19,19,10,9,30,1,
08/04/93,216,Is-1,7:00,19,19,0,2,25,1,
08/11/93,223,Is-1,10:45,22.5,2,3.5,8,,0,
08/13/93,225,Is-1,7:30,3,3,1,8,,3,
08/16/93,228,Is-1,9:40,3.5,3.5,0.5,17,,2,
09/09/93,252,Is-1,10:15,30.5,30.5,27,18,,-3,
09/10/93,253,Is-1,7:20,30.5,30.5,0,8,,0,
09/23/93,266,Is-1,12:40,52,0,21.5,10,,-12,
09/24/93,267,Is-1,7:10,0.5,0.5,0.5,-1.5,,-3,
09/25/93,268,Is-1,8:00,0,0,-0.5,-4,,-5,
08/07/92,220,Is-2,,,0,,24,,,
08/14/92,227,Is-2,,15,1,15,12,28,3,
08/19/92,232,Is-2,,13,0.5,12,12,24,1,
08/25/92,238,Is-2,,35,1.5,34.5,14,29,-1,
09/04/92,248,Is-2,,34,0,32.5,17,24,-2,
09/12/92,256,Is-2,,45,0,45,13,28,-1,
06/23/93,174,Is-2,16:00,,0,0,13,,,
07/08/93,189,Is-2,10:36,64,0,64,22,25,-2,
07/21/93,202,Is-2,9:55,7,7,7,19,26,0,
07/27/93,208,Is-2,16:15,10,10,3,19,22,4,
07/29/93,209,Is-2,9:13,9.5,9.5,-0.5,28,32,4,
08/03/93,215,Is-2,14:43,16,16,6.5,23,29,3,
08/11/93,223,Is-2,11:32,27.5,2.5,11.5,10,19,2,
08/16/93,228,Is-2,11:15,2.7,2.5,0.2,17,27,2,
09/09/93,252,Is-2,10:15,30,1,27.5,10,25,0,
09/25/93,268,Is-2,11:53,29,0,28,3,20,-10,
08/19/92,232,Kiowa-3,,,0,,15,,,
09/04/92,248,Kiowa-3,,35,0,35,2,22,-2,
07/20/93,201,Kiowa-3,,,0,0,12,,,
07/28/93,209,Kiowa-3,,6,6,6,17,21,-2,
08/12/93,224,Kiowa-3,,21.5,1,15.5,18,27,0,
09/30/93,273,Kiowa-3,,68,0,67,1,21,-11,
08/05/92,218,Kiowa-2,,,0,,6,,,
08/14/92,227,Kiowa-2,,15,0.5,15,9.5,28,1,
08/19/92,232,Kiowa-2,,17.5,1,17,12,24,1,
08/20/92,233,Kiowa-2,,1,0,0,11,22,-1,
08/25/92,238,Kiowa-2,,47,2,47,10,33,-2.5,
09/04/92,248,Kiowa-2,,45,0,43,0,20,-4,
09/12/92,256,Kiowa-2,,24,0,24,5,12,-6,
07/20/93,201,Kiowa-2,,,0,0,12,,,
07/28/93,209,Kiowa-2,15:47,0,0,0,17,21,-2,
08/12/93,224,Kiowa-2,10:25,22.5,0,22.5,8,35,0,
09/30/93,273,Kiowa-2,10:30,62,0,62,0,28,-11,
08/05/92,218,Kiowa-3,,,0,,4,,,
08/14/92,227,Kiowa-3,14:55,17.5,0.5,17.5,18,27,3,
08/19/92,232,Kiowa-3,,17.5,0,17,12,24,1,
08/25/92,238,Kiowa-3,,42,0.5,42,6.5,25,-4.5,
09/04/92,248,Kiowa-3,,29,0,28.5,16,18,-8,
09/19/92,263,Kiowa-3,11:25,32,0,32,4,12,-12,
05/27/93,147,Kiowa-3,,,,0,13,,,
06/03/93,154,Kiowa-3,,,,0,-4,12,-6,
06/24/93,175,Kiowa-3,17:15,29,0,29,9,22,-6,
07/08/93,189,Kiowa-3,,37,0,37,11,24,-11,
07/20/93,201,Kiowa-3,15:55,30,0,30,15,31,-6,
07/28/93,209,Kiowa-3,15:00,6,6,6,15,26,0,
08/12/93,224,Kiowa-3,9:47,35,1,29,7,28,1,
09/30/93,273,Kiowa-3,11:00,74.5,0,73.5,1,30,-11,
08/12/92,225,Chim-1,,,0,,14,,,
08/14/92,227,Chim-1,17:17,1.5,0,1.5,15,29,2,
08/19/92,232,Chim-1,,20,1.5,20,23,24,-1,
08/24/92,237,Chim-1,,37,1,35.5,0,28,0,
09/03/92,247,Chim-1,,23.5,0,22.5,8,25,-3,
09/11/92,255,Chim-1,,8,0,8,15,25,0,
09/26/92,270,Chim-1,,22.5,0,22.5,6,23,-8,
06/03/93,154,Chim-1,,,0,0,-3,,,
06/25/93,176,Chim-1,,13,0,13,6,19,-6,
07/08/93,189,Chim-1,8:40,56,0,56,12,26,-4,
07/21/93,202,Chim-1,11:10,8,0,8,17,26,2,
07/29/93,210,Chim-1,,1.5,1.5,1.5,22,30,0,
08/12/93,224,Chim-1,16:57,21.5,1.5,20,7,28,2,
09/09/93,252,Chim-1,8:45,38,0,36.5,14,26,-3,
09/10/93,253,Chim-1,15:35,1.2,1.2,1.2,12,20,0,
09/24/93,267,Chim-1,13:55,17.5,0,16.3,8,21,-12,
08/12/92,225,Chim-2,,,0,,14,,,
08/14/92,227,Chim-2,17:58,2,0,2,13,28,5,
08/19/92,232,Chim-2,,13,0.5,13,12,24,1,
09/03/92,247,Chim-2,,46,0,45.5,18,29,-2,
09/11/92,255,Chim-2,,6,0,6,17,23,-2,
07/08/93,189,Chim-2,14:22,,0,0,15,,,
07/21/93,202,Chim-2,12:25,23,0,23,,,-2,
07/29/93,210,Chim-2,14:04,1.5,1.5,1.5,29,31,1,
09/10/93,253,Chim-2,15:55,27.5,27.5,26,15,31,-3,
09/24/93,267,Chim-2,13:55,66,0,38.5,8,54,-6,