\log
The original iteration of the documentation section of this file
was provided by Gaetan Deschamps via ftp on 26 October 1993.
Additional comments and minor editorial revisions were made by
Rick Ingersoll on 2 November 1993.[RCI 2 November 1993] Additional
comments from Gaetan Deschamps, Mike Sannes, and Rick Ingersoll
were incorporated on 8 November 1993. The 1993 data were added
to the data section and the files were put under sccs control
on 8 November 1993.[RCI 8 November 1993] Details regarding the
meteorological station installations were provided by Gaetan
Deschamps in a 12 November 1993 email message. These comments
were incorporated into the abstract on that date.[RCI 12 November
1993] URL locations for related data were updated on 26 September
2000.[MAH 26 September 2000]
\doc
TITLE. Summer microclimatic observations on the Saddle: Daily data.
ABSTRACT. The objective of this field campaign was to measure
microclimatic variables within a mid-latitude alpine tundra zone
during the growing season (June - August), and to relate those
observations to ecosystem processes and landscape patterns.
Microclimatic data were recorded using a Campbell CR21X micrologger
on the east and west knolls of the Niwot Ridge Saddle grid. Five
sites were chosen (2 of which were snow covered and the
remaining 3 being snowfree tundra). Measurements were made at
60-second intervals and averaged on the half hour. These half-hourly
data were subsequently averaged for the day. All meteorological
instruments on the tower were oriented parallel to the surface
at the tower location. The anemometer was located at the top of
the meteorological station tower (i.e., 3 m above the surface).
The air temperature and relative humidity probe were 2 m above the
surface. The pyranometer used for the calculation of incoming
solar radiation was 1.5 m above the surface. The pyranometer used
for the calculation of outgoing solar radiation was 1.25 m above the
surface. The net radiometer was situated between 0.75 and 1 m above
the surface. The heat flux transducer was located 5 cm below the
surface of the vegetation canopy. The soil temperature probe was
located between 0 and 10 cm below the ground surface.
INVESTIGATOR. Claude Duguay, Laboratory for Earth Observation
and Information Systems, Department of Geography, University of
Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5, (613) 564-9942
DUGUAY@ACADVM1.UOTTAWA.CA.
VARIABLES. temperature, relative humidity, incoming solar
radiation, outgoing solar radiation, heat flux, net radiation,
soil temperature, wind speed, wind direction, standard deviation
of the wind, wind vector.
KEYWORDS. climate, remote sensing, evapotranspiration, albedo, reflectance, energy balance, Meteorology and Climatology.
LOCATION. Study sites were Saddle grid stakes 15, 23, 40, 63, and
88.5 (the latter being located off the Saddle grid and 50 m due north
of the halfway point between grid stakes 78 and 79). Original data are
with Claude Duguay.
TIMING. begin 14 June 1993 at 16:00, end 23 July 1993 at 09:00, half
hourly and daily.
CITATIONS. [1]Duguay, C.R., and E.F. Ledrew. 1991. Mapping surface
albedo in the East Slope of the Colorado Front Range, U.S.A., with
Landsat Thematic Mapper. Arctic and Alpine Research 23: 213-223.
COMMENTS. The two study sites on the west knoll (at grid stakes 23 and
63) were snow-covered, whereas the remaining sites were snowfree tundra.
Grid stake 40 was on the east knoll and grid stake 15 was located in
a moist meadow community. Study site 88.5 was not at a grid stake; it
was 50 m due north of the halfway points between grid stakes 78 and 79.
Raw CR21X files were provided by Gaetan Deschamps via FTP on 26 October
1993 and archived. Copies of the files were processed by separation of
the half-hourly and daily records (the 21X instruction number was
removed from the former but retained in the latter records during this
processing). Two columns (one containing the grid stake number and the
other containing the year of the study) were inserted into each of
these files. Initially, the datalogger program used for the station at
grid stake 23 was based on one used in the Yukon; subsequently it was
decided that a field for minimum incoming solar radiation was
unnecessary and the program was modified accordingly. Moreover, the net
radiometer had been inverted at this station prior to the modification.
Consequently, it was necessary to multiply all net radiation values
(in both the half-hourly and daily files) by -1 to correct for this
problem. It was also necessary to rearrange columns (and insert
missing values where appropriate) in all of the remaining files so
that they could be appended to the data files that originally contained
a field for minimum incoming solar radiation. Once this had been done,
all of the half-hourly files were appended to one another and all of
the daily files were appended to one another. Daily data were stored by
the datalogger shortly after midnight. Consequently, it was necessary
to subtract 1 from the Julian dates in the processed daily file.
The measurements reported here for Julian days 165, 170, 176, 182, 183,
190, 198, and 204 should be used with caution since they represent days
when the datalogger was moved or reprogrammed. Thus, they are based on
incomplete data or data from mixed sources. Half-hourly records can be
found in ihttp://culter.colorado.edu:1030/exec/.extracttoolA?hfhrclim.cd.
\type
statistical
\header
COL1. label=station, type=string, units=none, missing value indicator=,
minimum=, maximum=, precision=
COL2. label=year, type=string, units=none, missing value indicator=,
minimum=, maximum=, precision=
COL3. label=21X instruction number, type=integer, units=none, missing
value indicator=, minimum=, maximum=, precision=
COL4. label=Julian day, type=integer, units=none, missing value
indicator=, minimum=, maximum=, precision=
COL5. label=time, type=string, units=none, missing value indicator=,
minimum=, maximum=, precision=
COL6. label=average temperature, type=real, units=degrees Celsius,
missing value indicator=absence of value, minimum=, maximum=, precision=
COL7. label=relative humidity, type=real, units=percent, missing value
indicator=absence of value, minimum=, maximum=, precision=
COL8. label=incoming solar radiation, type=real, units=KW/m2, missing
value indicator=absence of value, minimum=, maximum=, precision=
COL9. label=outgoing solar radiation, type=real, units=KW/m2, missing
value indicator=absence of value, minimum=, maximum=, precision=
COL10. label=heat flux, type=real, units=W/m2, missing value
indicator=absence of value, minimum=, maximum=, precision=
COL11. label=net radiation, type=real, units=W/m2, missing value
indicator=absence of value, minimum=, maximum=, precision=
COL12. label=soil temperature, type=real, units=degrees Celsius,
missing value indicator=absence of value, minimum=, maximum=, precision=
COL13. label=wind speed, type=real, units=km/h, missing value
indicator=absence of value, minimum=, maximum=, precision=
COL14. label=wind vector, type=real, units=km/h, missing value
indicator=absence of value, minimum=, maximum=, precision=
COL15. label=wind direction, type=real, units=degrees, missing value
indicator=absence of value, minimum=, maximum=, precision=
COL16. label=standard deviation of wind direction, type=real,
units=degrees, missing value indicator=absence of value, minimum=,
maximum=, precision=
COL17. label=maximum temperature, type=real, units=degrees Celsius,
missing value indicator=absence of value, minimum=, maximum=,
precision=
COL18. label=time of maximum temperature (hhmm), type=string,
units=none, missing value indicator=absence of value, minimum=,
maximum=, precision=
COL19. label=maximum relative humidity, type=real, units=percent,
missing value indicator=absence of value, minimum=, maximum=,
precision=
COL20. label=time of maximum relative humidity (hhmm), type=string,
units=none, missing value indicator=absence of value, minimum=,
maximum=, precision=
COL21. label=maximum incoming solar radiation, type=real, units=KW/m2,
missing value indicator=absence of value, minimum=, maximum=,
precision=
COL22. label=time of maximum incoming solar radiation (hhmm),
type=string, units=none, missing value indicator=absence of value,
minimum=, maximum=, precision=
COL23. label=maximum outgoing solar radiation, type=real, units=KWm/2,
missing value indicator=absence of value, minimum=, maximum=,
precision=
COL24. label=time of maximum outgoing solar radiation (hhmm),
type=string, units=none, missing value indicator=absence of value,
minimum=, maximum=, precision=
COL25. label=maximum heat flux, type=real, units=W/m2, missing value
indicator=absence of value, minimum=, maximum=, precision=
COL26. label=time of maximum heat flux (hhmm), type=string,
units=none, missing value indicator=absence of value, minimum=,
maximum=, precision=
COL27. label=minimum net radiation, type=real, units=W/m2, missing
value indicator=absence of value, minimum=, maximum=, precision=
COL28. label=time of minimum net radiation (hhmm), type=string,
units=none, missing value indicator=absence of value, minimum=,
maximum=, precision=
COL29. label=maximum soil temperature, type=real, units=degrees
Celsius, missing value indicator=absence of value, minimum=,
maximum=, precision=
COL30. label=time of maximum soil temperature (hhmm), type=string,
units=degrees Celsius, missing value indicator=absence of value,
minimum=, maximum=, precision=
COL31. label=minimum temperature, type=real, units=degrees Celsius,
missing value indicator=absence of value, minimum=, maximum=,
precision=
COL32. label=time of minimum temperature (hhmm), type=string,
units=none, missing value indicator=absence of value, minimum=,
maximum=, precision=
COL33. label=minimum relative humidity, type=real, units=percent,
missing value indicator=absence of value, minimum=, maximum=,
precision=
COL34. label=time of minimum relative humidity (hhmm), type=string,
units=none, missing value indicator=absence of value, minimum=,
maximum=, precision=
COL35. label=minimum incoming solar radiation, type=real, units=KW/m2,
missing value indicator=absence of value, minimum=, maximum=,
precision=
COL36. label=time of minimum incoming solar radiation (hhmm),
type=string, units=none, missing value indicator=absence of value,
minimum=, maximum=, precision=
COL37. label=minimum outgoing solar radiation, type=real, units=KW/m2,
missing value indicator=absence of value, minimum=, maximum=,
precision=
COL38. label=time of minimum outgoing solar radiation (hhmm),
type=string, units=none, missing value indicator=absence of value,
minimum=, maximum=, precision=
COL39. label=minimum heat flux, type=real, units=W/m2, missing value
indicator=absence of value, minimum=, maximum=, precision=
COL40. label=time of minimum heat flux (hhmm), type=string,
units=none, missing value indicator=absence of value, mimimum=,
maximum= precision=
COL41. label=maximum net radiation, type=real, units=W/m2, missing
value indicator=absence of value, minimum=, maximum=, precision=
COL42. label=time of maximum net radiation (hhmm), type=string,
units=none, missing value indicator=absence of value, minimum=,
maximum=, precision=
COL43. label= minimum soil temperature, type=real, units=degrees
Celsius, missing value indicator=absence of value, minimum=,
maximum=, precision=
COL44. label=time of minimum soil temperature (hhmm), type=string,
units=none, missing value indicator=absence of value, minimum=,
maximum=, precision=
COL45. label=battery voltage of datalogger, type=real, units=volts,
missing value indicator=absence of value, minimum=, maximum=,
precision=
{*********************************************************************
If the data section below contains no data then you will need to
obtain permission from the investigator listed in the documentation
section of this file. If you have obtained permission or if the data
are already contained in this file, include the following
acknowledgment (in addition to an acknowledgment of the investigator)
in any published use of these data: "Logistical support
and/or data were provided by the Niwot Ridge Long-Term Ecological
Research project (NSF DEB 0423662) and the Mountain Research Station
(BIR 9115097)." Please send 4 reprints or high-quality copies of any
such publications to Todd Ackerman, NWT LTER data manager,
INSTAAR, CB 450, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0450.
The data contained in these files have many sources. Generally,
data collected prior to 1993 would have been subjected to quality
control standards imposed by the investigator. Data after 1992
were likely to have been manually entered and/or processed in the
NWT LTER central data management laboratory. Detailed information
on the quality control protocols and programs associated with any
data routed through the NWT LTER data management laboratory will
be supplied upon request. The user of these data should be aware
that, while efforts have been taken to ensure that these data are
of the highest quality, there is no guarantee of perfection for
the data contained herein and the possibility of errors exists.
If you encounter questionable data, please contact the NWT LTER
data manager (todda@culter.colorado.edu; (303) 492-4771) so that
the data can be corrected or qualified. Thus, these data should
be considered dynamic in that past data may be modified and future
data will be appended.
******************************************************************}
\data
23,1993,119,165,0,8.0777,54.942,.11843,.0776,-.01245,-18.305,.12964,10.291,8.7384,206.39,31.465,13.088,1547,72.07,2219,.89863,1543,.53236,1601,22.293,1542,76.045,1834,.46451,1542,6.305,2247,20.202,1618,0,2139,0,2218,-16.861,1602,-189.82,1543,.01457,2303,9.2635
23,1993,119,166,0,,,,,,,,23.595,18.881,251.47,36.206,10.782,1855,794.42,437,.69054,436,1.6745,600,37.684,2103,182.87,354,,110,,51,,415,,227,,227,,49,,414,-.06564,158,12.217
23,1993,119,167,0,7.7431,43.125,.32369,.18274,,97.901,2.0101,20.785,15.44,250.28,41.076,12.074,1501,85.878,2358,1.2582,1236,.6668,1304,28.011,147,101.65,1758,12.215,1322,1.9769,2340,19.311,157,-.00042,2124,-.00021,221,,1001,-506.13,1003,-.06648,2102,12.649
23,1993,119,168,0,1.1735,88.105,.11111,.07112,-52.115,33.595,.7099,12.613,9.7479,181.37,38.606,2.6987,43,89.4,2340,.97745,1057,.58141,1057,1.4724,442,9.748,442,6.3799,1058,-.24471,2313,85.454,1212,-.00011,57,-.00021,2240,-449.28,1012,-337.35,1034,.01318,2313,12.593
23,1993,119,169,0,.11289,84.753,.19772,.15941,-4.542,14.918,.11509,8.9852,6.222,283.34,44.919,4.0146,1108,89.347,334,1.4817,1107,1.0158,1024,0,1,79.676,1854,.60704,1131,-1.4027,810,68.253,1802,-.00011,2342,-.00011,238,-38.315,1120,-391.43,1107,.01372,2236,12.633
23,1993,120,170,0,5.5255,48.212,,,-28.548,-62.614,.40121,10.034,9.3723,316.39,20.801,9.4233,1835,63.197,0,1.144,1149,.6933,1203,0,2125,-328.88,1220,1.1345,1529,1.2096,928,33.975,1001,,,,,-74.902,1350,208.54,1802,.01418,2305,
23,1993,120,171,0,7.0803,45.85,,,-55.413,-90.461,.63427,12.299,4.8131,279.49,63.194,12.478,1239,67.805,33,1.3682,1353,.76944,1353,11.489,2341,-492.33,1353,3.226,1353,3.0614,314,17.952,901,,,,,-330.91,1412,148.45,1806,-.06694,2344,
23,1993,120,172,0,8.1107,42.147,,,,-102.09,1.6183,14.648,11.342,253.71,38.481,12.44,1311,71.18,2203,1.3686,1201,.71548,1201,17.376,437,-551.72,1202,13.754,1120,3.5251,2157,26.289,1105,,,,,,1120,122.91,1913,-.16968,2350,
23,1993,120,173,0,7.7349,35.439,,,-71.041,-99.22,1.3605,14.904,12.998,261.96,28.972,11.909,1627,74.92,2342,1.2183,1157,.67551,1412,18.098,510,-478.77,1157,11.8,1127,3.9551,2341,23.787,1626,,,,,-441.91,1155,107.86,1904,-1.0053,527,
23,1993,120,174,0,5.4281,47.276,,,-66.988,-92.207,1.2317,18.328,15.658,248.38,30.919,9.3234,1419,74.324,4,1.3648,1240,.72439,1240,42.049,2354,-529.48,1059,9.9386,1108,-1.8679,2359,22.635,315,,,,,-605.32,1026,73.578,2336,-.43506,2356,
23,1993,120,175,0,1.1964,32.885,,,-58.643,-75.539,.66957,34.362,33.35,281.03,13.9,6.6424,1759,43.558,14,1.1376,1201,.56915,1220,63.296,242,-426.92,1039,11.375,1102,-4.0965,530,23.804,910,,,,,-411.99,843,181.3,1812,-3.5617,611,
63,1993,120,176,0,8.0989,32.492,,,-9.1474,-.45245,.13234,13.761,12.868,303.05,20.636,10.459,1834,38.439,2356,.43711,1730,.24872,1731,5.2084,0,-73.503,2336,.42418,1847,5.7924,2353,24.676,1903,,,,,-44.079,1819,260.67,1730,-.0058,2359,
63,1993,120,177,0,9.1129,28.272,,,,100.39,1.1182,14.303,12.446,309.47,29.186,14.606,1655,52.379,2113,1.074,1217,.57499,1245,21.616,2355,-331.87,810,8.2719,1654,4.963,141,10.175,1353,,,,,,1456,473.15,1519,-1.209,538,
63,1993,120,178,0,11.439,22.342,,,,89.848,4.5149,14.548,11.552,278.91,36.758,14.979,1751,45.03,2350,1.1853,1042,.64905,1104,29.447,33,-311.3,807,21.163,1221,7.2055,2350,13.062,1831,,,,,,1423,561.52,1325,-1.635,144,
63,1993,120,179,0,10.69,24.507,,,,94.49,2.6449,20.526,17.528,271.13,30.958,14.547,1548,45.653,103,1.2714,1239,.69724,1239,23.494,246,-314.01,807,17.198,1408,6.7952,103,15.553,1647,,,,,,1114,568.59,1411,-1.024,343,
63,1993,120,180,0,10.345,30.884,,,,123.09,4.546,25.836,22.977,280.62,26.945,15.033,1722,63.201,2348,1.0961,1201,.58378,1239,-4.0083,2203,-297.25,804,21.031,1433,5.9275,155,12.656,1624,,,,,,1130,455.88,1324,.015,158,
63,1993,120,181,0,8.0901,48.607,,,-7.4572,121.72,5.1006,15.58,11.235,253.96,42.777,12.971,1442,88.851,229,1.0697,1153,.521,1103,420.14,1229,-293.77,803,18.543,1402,3.5109,213,19.943,1433,,,,,-427.26,922,605.87,1455,-.31126,424,
40,1993,120,183,0,14.587,26.202,,,-10.296,247.29,9.7365,16.501,11.812,210.06,43.179,17.704,1353,46.659,1444,1.2524,1407,.22068,1511,12.565,2105,-90.208,2340,11.247,1349,11.094,2323,13.661,1904,,,,,-49.221,1338,777.31,1403,7.7092,1013,
40,1993,120,184,0,6.1607,44.786,,,2.6647,125.15,6.1786,46.267,41.955,261.37,24.729,12.522,6,89.159,1728,1.3183,1314,.23133,1314,20.751,1555,-98.167,411,8.5569,1318,-1.1351,1810,16.934,257,,,,,-23.936,1231,846.27,1311,2.5814,1552,
40,1993,120,185,0,-1.3639,75.243,,,11.934,9.3641,2.529,27.661,24.997,260.51,25.14,.77237,812,87.732,1801,1.0664,1020,.73992,1020,15.534,1331,-67.418,451,3.4676,2,-2.349,1051,45.376,819,,,,,7.4082,2358,320.91,821,1.994,843,
40,1993,120,186,0,.17309,65.264,,,7.7698,27.209,2.1101,35.664,32.366,268.37,24.632,4.178,1807,86.062,133,1.5084,1329,.95406,1234,10.162,509,-310.22,934,2.7528,26,-3.2506,259,35.079,2347,,,,,5.3241,1841,319.16,1328,1.7484,2358,
40,1993,120,187,0,5.3641,35.841,,,2.2683,90.03,2.1767,17.196,14.58,245.34,31.593,10.338,1714,60.815,403,1.3649,1326,.3453,1015,13.794,2345,-316.1,938,3.2128,1843,-.76459,402,21.447,1932,,,,,-30.509,1335,797.87,1312,1.3802,1009,
40,1993,120,188,0,8.3887,27.659,,,-10.503,160.11,3.7902,18.563,16.059,252.11,29.748,14.132,1914,41.23,111,1.3162,1333,.24595,1333,11.808,1,-152.19,938,6.9592,1658,.83678,409,19.656,814,,,,,-71.088,1259,865.84,1323,1.1766,646,
40,1993,120,189,0,7.6719,45.257,,,-4.3172,112.04,4.6618,31.06,28.851,266.8,21.604,12.218,1157,76.83,1846,1.3377,1306,.23912,1306,13.239,2356,-136.17,937,6.3173,1158,2.0748,1846,31.652,8,,,,,-50.579,1134,889.81,1306,3.7259,700,
88.5,1993,120,190,0,10.621,30.16,,,-7.3754,193.09,6.4386,20.175,17.474,271.25,29.641,13.505,1451,54.659,1813,1.1821,1407,.21491,1243,4.1308,2359,-78.711,2054,7.4716,1542,6.7973,1815,17.283,1450,,,,,-19.856,1235,907.01,1244,4.9295,2353,
88.5,1993,120,191,0,10.348,31.823,,,-4.9664,145.88,5.6959,18.893,15.98,272.02,31.805,15.306,1547,54.944,2358,1.1842,1412,.21075,1412,7.4766,605,-139.62,931,8.0947,1549,4.9263,531,20.568,1548,,,,,-22.57,1023,892.29,1250,3.2789,627,
88.5,1993,120,192,0,8.6338,48.802,,,-4.3229,148.18,6.1565,15.977,12.232,262.78,39.218,15.15,1329,89.73,505,1.1654,1338,.20673,1338,6.5967,2356,-136.1,930,8.6413,1431,2.5442,515,20.688,1327,,,,,-25.78,1020,804.8,1341,4.219,613,
88.5,1993,120,193,0,9.7594,42.883,,,-5.9802,166.14,6.6417,12.56,9.8755,270.68,37.45,14.158,1525,63.406,1232,1.1504,1159,.20438,1159,6.717,122,-113.09,931,9.4519,1557,6.4762,530,29.179,109,,,,,-29.698,1208,854.09,1159,4.0934,648,
88.5,1993,120,194,0,6.9846,76.27,,,-4.7803,112.22,6.8646,11.824,10.819,177.64,23.608,11.361,1044,91.56,2327,1.3252,1455,.24642,1455,9.0719,327,-117.56,932,8.8472,1545,2.5749,353,53.877,921,,,,,-27.993,1027,952.57,1220,4.5471,547,
88.5,1993,120,195,0,8.0901,75.916,,,-8.2342,161.38,7.8651,13.63,11.163,188.45,34.459,13.544,1403,91.861,629,1.2721,1323,.22418,1323,5.0477,2359,-53.019,1945,10.119,1705,4.3915,33,27.837,1400,,,,,-29.138,1022,933.16,1302,5.8298,626,
88.5,1993,120,196,0,11.202,37.068,,,-8.4612,199.34,8.5161,11.368,8.941,248.17,37.429,16.073,1552,60.804,2004,1.2168,1331,.21583,1331,10.699,244,-129.87,932,11.967,1759,4.6514,155,18.805,1803,,,,,-32.517,1247,916.47,1331,5.2171,617,
15,1993,120,198,0,8.0972,68.18,,,-.30154,163.81,10.697,11.43,4.9077,201.61,61.188,12.024,1003,91.348,1900,1.4114,1225,.18151,1111,54.556,2043,-69.937,2327,14.681,1511,5.6981,1913,24.24,2328,,,,,-329.65,1210,971.25,1207,5.1963,0,
15,1993,120,199,0,9.0434,26.835,,,-1.4688,212.13,8.1184,9.3923,4.3874,290.11,59.128,13.377,1618,57.268,2343,1.1096,1225,.15224,1355,51.396,114,-138.9,856,18.616,1639,4.3125,554,13.311,1359,,,,,-163.59,1406,736.35,1312,2.5025,733,
15,1993,120,200,0,8.3557,62.787,,,-.30354,112.15,7.6349,10.45,7.4323,174.13,43.529,13.553,1718,90.875,2058,1.4241,1348,.21554,1348,28.584,115,-110.57,856,12.068,1839,4.2493,320,24.179,1042,,,,,-48.074,1736,1032.1,1348,4.6448,708,
15,1993,120,201,0,9.2331,51.952,,,-2.1124,111.64,6.5734,13.473,10.015,198.96,41.033,14.491,1427,86.599,1647,1.3467,1223,.19359,1223,18.504,2030,-75.186,857,9.7226,1646,5.0841,2031,22.873,1426,,,,,-48.402,1125,934.04,1324,4.1748,654,
15,1993,120,202,0,10.056,29.488,,,-4.2489,112.77,5.3137,15.029,11.642,257.09,38.453,13.716,1208,55.212,1425,1.4058,1252,.2091,1252,38.327,2037,-79.676,434,8.7789,1637,7.0672,2356,16.192,2054,,,,,-50.745,1212,917.86,1252,2.0328,444,
15,1993,120,203,0,8.721,29.507,,,-2.0743,138.34,6.8018,13.231,9.8665,229.49,40.846,13.255,1422,55.479,1718,1.3285,1312,.20633,1402,16.807,38,-141.55,858,10.13,1546,4.3851,547,18.087,900,,,,,-45.208,1243,924.86,1402,3.9535,656,