{EML Metadata} {Description of the Data file structure is available at the Niwot Ridge LTER Data page}

\log

The documentation, header, and data sections of this file were provided 
by Melany Fisk on 9 July 1993. Minor modifications were made to the
non-data sections of the file by Rick Ingersoll (in consultation with 
Fisk) on 12 July 1993. This file was put under sccs control on 12
July 1993.[RCI 12 July 1993] Melany Fisk indicated that the data in
data columns 12 through 14 were corrupted during transfer from a 
statistical software package to ASCII format. These columns contained
data calculated from the other columns and consequently the columns
and the associated metadata were removed from the data and header 
sections, respectively on 24 August 1993.[RCI 24 August 1993]
Correction made in header section per request of MF on 4 February 1994.
[RCI 4 February 1994] Fertilization plot locations in the City of
Boulder Watershed that were surveyed by Tim Bardsley and Mike Hartman 
on 13 July and 7 September 1994 were added to the comments section on 
14 September 1994.[RCI 14 September 1994] Details regarding the Saddle
plot treatments were added to the documentation section on 4 January
1995.[RCI 4 January 1995] Investigator contact information was updated
on 23 May 1996.[MAH 23 May 1996] Investigator contact information was 
updated, and the Fisk 1995, and Fisk and Schmidt 1996 citations were 
added on 2 December 1998.[MAH 2 December 1998]


\doc

TITLE. Nitrogen transformations in fertilized alpine dry 
and moist meadow soils.

ABSTRACT. Net nitrogen mineralization, nitrification, and microbial 
nitrogen were measured in dry and moist meadow plots on Niwot Ridge 
from early June to mid-October 1992. Dry meadow plots in the City of 
Boulder Watershed had been fertilized with N during the two years prior 
to measurements, and both dry and moist meadow plots in the Saddle were 
being watered and fertilized concurrent to measurements.  

INVESTIGATOR. Melany Fisk, Department of Natural Resources, 8 Fernow Hall,
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, (607) 255-1067, mcf9@cornell.edu.

VARIABLES. soil moisture, microbial nitrogen, net N mineralization, 
net nitrification.

KEYWORDS. nitrogen, mineralization, nitrification, microbial nitrogen, water addition, fertilization, Biogeochemistry, soil and microbial pools and fluxes, disturbance.

LOCATION. Study areas included a south-facing site in the City of Boulder 
Watershed, and east- and west-facing sites on the Saddle. Soils and 
original data are stored in Ramaley Hall (Room N-285).

TIMING. begin 10 June 1992, end 15 October 1992, every 6 weeks.

CITATIONS. [1]Fisk, M.C. 1995. Nitrogen dynamics in an alpine landscape.
Ph.D. dissertation, University of Colorado, Boulder. 114 pp.
[2]Fisk, M.C. and Schmidt, S.K. 1996. Microbial response to nitrogen 
addition in alpine tundra soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 28:751-755.

COMMENTS. Net nitrogen mineralization was measured as the difference 
in KCl extractable NH4+NO3 for a soil core incubated in situ for 
approximately 45 days, and NH4+NO3 for a soil core taken at the 
beginning of the incubation. Part of this inorganic N was extracted from 
ion exchange resins incubated at the bottom of the core to catch 
leaching N. Column labels which refer to values taken at the beginning of 
the soil incubation are indicated with an i (initial) and those which 
refer to values taken at the completion of the incubation are indicated 
with a f (final). All plots are in dry (Kobresia) meadow unless 
indicated as moist. 
Tim Bardsley and Mike Hartman conducted a rudimentary survey of the
watershed plots on 7 September 1994. All bearings reported
below are for magnetic, not true, north; a declination of 11.5
degrees should be added to the former to convert to the latter.
The bearing from the northeast corner of the c1 dry meadow plot to 
the centerline of the wind turbine was 345 degrees. Thus, the 
bearing from the centerline of the wind turbine to the northeast 
corner of the c1 dry meadow plot was 165 degrees. The distance from
the northeast corner of the c1 dry meadow plot to the southwest 
corner of the base of the wind turbine was 231.0 meters. The bearings
(degrees) and distances (meters) reported below are from the 
northeast corner of the c1 dry meadow plot to the northeast corner of 
the given plot:
np1,259,3.37
p1,178,3.12
n1,209,6.90
np2,192,10.46
p2,212,10.83
c2,222,12.20
n2,239,13.58
n3,232,17.41
np3,246,19.26
c3,199,31.47
p3,211,31.62
c4,214,32.50
np4,221,33.41
p4,228,34.60
c5,232,36.48
n4,234,39.07
p5,206,35.55
n5,207,37.74
np5,205,39.20
Note that the plot code nomenclature used in the surveys is slightly
different than the plot code nomenclature used elsewhere in this 
file. The treatment-location-replicate code "N,watershed,5", for 
example, would be equivalent to n5 in the listing above.
The following information was provided by Bill Bowman in a 4
January 1994 email message. It pertains to the plots located on the
Niwot Ridge Saddle:
"Replicated blocked treatment plots were established in dry and moist 
meadows at 3520 m elevation in the Saddle research area in May 1991.  
Five blocks in the two communities each had 3 plots, including a 
control and two treatment plots. Treatments consisted of added N in 
solution (+N+H2O) and added water (+H2O). The +N+H2O treatment 
included biweekly additions of 2 g of NH4NO3 dissolved in deionized 
water (identical volumes as the +H2O treatment). The +H2O treatment 
consisted of biweekly additions of 5 L of deionized water to the 
plots, approximately doubling the average growing season precipitation 
input. The treatments were applied using backpack sprayers during the 
growing season (first week of June to early-August). Total seasonal 
inputs of water and N from the treatments were 85 mm water m-2 and 
15.8 g N m-2. The treatments were applied for two growing seasons."

\type

statistical.    

\header    

COL1. label=treatment, type=string, units=none, missing value indicator=,
minimum=, maximum=, precision=    

COL2. label=location, type=string, units=none, missing value indicator=,  
minimum=, maximum=, precision=

COL3. label=replicate, type=real, units=none, missing value indicator=,  
minimum=1, maximum=5, precision=

COL4. label=initial incubation date (mm/dd/yy), type=string, units=none, 
missing value indicator=, minimum=, maximum=, precision=    

COL5. label=final incubation date (md/dd/yy), type=string, units=none, 
missing value indicator=, minimum=, maximum=, precision=    

COL6. label=incubation initial gravimetric moisture, type=real, 
units=percent, missing value indicator=absence of value, minimum=0, 
maximum=500, precision=    

COL7. label=incubation final gravimetric moisture, type=real, 
units=percent, missing value indicator=absence of value, minimum=0, 
maximum=500, precision=    

COL8. label=net N mineralization/g soil/45 days (mg NH4+NO3/g dry soil), 
type=real, units=mg/g dry soil, missing value indicator=absence of value, 
minimum=-1, maximum=1, precision=0.00001    

COL9. label=net nitrification/g soil/45 days (mg NO3/g dry soil), 
type=real, units=mg/g dry soil, missing value=absence of value, minimum=-1, 
maximum=1, precision=0.00001

COL10. label=microbial N/g dry soil on initial incubation date, type=real,  
units=mg/g, missing value indicator=absence of value, 
minimum=0, maximum=20, precision=    

COL11. label=microbial N/g dry soil on final incubation date, type=real, 
units=mg/g, missing value indicator=absence of value, 
minimum=0, maximum=20, precision=    

{*********************************************************************

If the data section below contains no data then you will need to 
obtain permission from the investigator listed in the documentation 
section of this file. If you have obtained permission or if the data 
are already contained in this file, include the following 
acknowledgment (in addition to an acknowledgment of the investigator)
in any published use of these data: "Logistical support 
and/or data were provided by the Niwot Ridge Long-Term Ecological 
Research project (NSF DEB 0423662) and the Mountain Research Station 
(BIR 9115097)." Please send 4 reprints or high-quality copies of any
such publications to Todd Ackerman, NWT LTER data manager, 
INSTAAR, CB 450, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0450.
The data contained in these files have many sources. Generally,
data collected prior to 1993 would have been subjected to quality
control standards imposed by the investigator. Data after 1992 
were likely to have been manually entered and/or processed in the
NWT LTER central data management laboratory. Detailed information
on the quality control protocols and programs associated with any
data routed through the NWT LTER data management laboratory will 
be supplied upon request. The user of these data should be aware
that, while efforts have been taken to ensure that these data are 
of the highest quality, there is no guarantee of perfection for
the data contained herein and the possibility of errors exists.
If you encounter questionable data, please contact the NWT LTER
data manager (todda@culter.colorado.edu; (303) 492-4771) so that
the data can be corrected or qualified. Thus, these data should
be considered dynamic in that past data may be modified and future
data will be appended.

******************************************************************}

\data

control,watershed,1,6/12/92,7/24/92,61.13,62.43,0.01368,0.00167,0.15317,
control,watershed,2,6/12/92,7/24/92,63.67,61.80,-0.00037,0.00232,0.12923,
control,watershed,3,6/12/92,7/24/92,51.30,37.52,0.01445,0.01741,0.10936,
control,watershed,4,6/12/92,7/24/92,45.20,38.54,0.00682,0.00523,0.10109,
control,watershed,5,6/12/92,7/24/92,49.21,48.52,0.02296,0.00958,0.14808,
N,watershed,1,6/12/92,7/24/92,82.46,75.00,0.09164,0.04202,0.27310,
N,watershed,2,6/12/92,7/24/92,60.68,66.94,0.07858,0.06686,0.17890,
N,watershed,3,6/12/92,7/24/92,74.01,70.02,-0.00957,0.06127,0.13881,
N,watershed,4,6/12/92,7/24/92,43.09,47.73,0.01465,0.00768,0.08242,
N,watershed,5,6/12/92,7/24/92,46.06,38.19,-0.04527,0.00346,0.09129,
control,Saddle,1,6/12/92,7/24/92,62.92,64.61,0.02235,0.00508,0.08813,0.06623
control,Saddle,2,6/12/92,7/24/92,70.43,72.78,0.01971,0.00671,0.11995,0.08197
control,Saddle,3,6/12/92,7/24/92,70.98,58.94,0.00420,0.00169,0.10286,0.05055
control,Saddle,4,6/12/92,7/24/92,59.44,52.55,0.01818,0.00864,0.08008,0.06571
control,Saddle,5,6/12/92,7/24/92,59.47,59.17,0.01660,0.00233, ,0.06030
N+H2O,Saddle,1,6/12/92,7/24/92,64.59,72.80,0.00909,0.00152,0.09870,0.07307
N+H2O,Saddle,2,6/12/92,7/24/92,72.43,83.45,0.01897,-0.00304,0.12606,0.08652
N+H2O,Saddle,3,6/12/92,7/24/92,74.83,71.11,-0.00079,0.00156,0.13182,0.07878
N+H2O,Saddle,4,6/12/92,7/24/92,68.93,67.91,0.00690,0.00052,0.10488,0.06844
N+H2O,Saddle,5,6/12/92,7/24/92,57.16,56.75,0.00601,0.00941,0.08048,0.06157
H2O,Saddle,1,6/12/92,7/24/92,57.78,64.30,-0.07705,-0.00170,0.07460,0.04090
H2O,Saddle,2,6/12/92,7/24/92,72.36,67.75,0.01037,0.00198,0.13925,-0.02269
H2O,Saddle,3,6/12/92,7/24/92,73.64,92.99,0.02854,0.00112,0.12448,-0.04824
H2O,Saddle,4,6/12/92,7/24/92,60.56,56.95,0.00661,0.00685,0.11320,-0.02619
H2O,Saddle,5,6/12/92,7/24/92,74.21,78.57,0.02571,0.00187,0.13392,0.09205
control,watershed,1,7/24/92,9/6/92,36.54,58.19,0.00017,0.00168,0.11624,
control,watershed,2,7/24/92,9/6/92,38.01,58.15,-0.01266,0.00835,0.15525,
control,watershed,3,7/24/92,9/6/92,37.74,49.23,0.01069,0.00417,0.09038,
control,watershed,4,7/24/92,9/6/92,31.44,47.92,-0.00197,0.00050, ,
control,watershed,5,7/24/92,9/6/92,28.11,60.74,0.00765,0.01089,0.09163,
N,watershed,1,7/24/92,9/6/92,36.20,62.62,0.05164,0.03695,0.09112,
N,watershed,2,7/24/92,9/6/92,41.48,92.03,0.13230,0.07346,0.12562,
N,watershed,3,7/24/92,9/6/92,46.67,77.26,0.03799,0.02276,0.16957,
N,watershed,4,7/24/92,9/6/92,22.72,26.69,0.04663,0.01917,0.02050,
N,watershed,5,7/24/92,9/6/92,30.84,63.11,0.10254,0.03921,0.09880,
control,Saddle,1,7/24/92,9/6/92,46.05,66.60,0.00255,0.00202,0.11316,0.14437
control,Saddle,2,7/24/92,9/6/92,42.83,75.81,0.00909,0.00857,0.15239,0.15605
control,Saddle,3,7/24/92,9/6/92,42.45,60.36,-0.01347,0.00042,0.12774,0.11127
control,Saddle,4,7/24/92,9/6/92,41.83,74.32,0.00632,0.00157,0.11559,0.13538
control,Saddle,5,7/24/92,9/6/92,40.17,48.99,-0.01095,0.00194,0.10489,0.09379
N+H2O,Saddle,1,7/24/92,9/6/92,55.70,74.91,0.04183,-0.00468,0.16350,0.16531
N+H2O,Saddle,2,7/24/92,9/6/92,60.35,91.88,0.05841,-0.00827,0.25294,0.22577
N+H2O,Saddle,3,7/24/92,9/6/92,57.36,90.49,0.04019,0.01147,0.19498,0.20411
N+H2O,Saddle,4,7/24/92,9/6/92,56.80,84.67,0.05233,0.00611,0.20507,0.20641
N+H2O,Saddle,5,7/24/92,9/6/92, ,71.68,0.02227,-0.01068,0.16325,0.14498
H2O,Saddle,1,7/24/92,9/6/92,53.11,63.95,-0.00555,0.00098,0.10973,0.10483
H2O,Saddle,2,7/24/92,9/6/92,50.00,65.84,0.00581,0.00149,0.11859,0.12879
H2O,Saddle,3,7/24/92,9/6/92,51.69,69.57,-0.00805,-0.00011,0.11396,0.12870
H2O,Saddle,4,7/24/92,9/6/92,42.67,61.63,0.00241,0.00208,0.09227,0.12902
H2O,Saddle,5,7/24/92,9/6/92,62.12,67.72,-0.00528,0.00034,0.13720,0.11738
control,moistmsaddle,1,7/24/92,9/6/92,44.38,87.06,-0.01940,0.00099,0.10336,
control,moistmsaddle,2,7/24/92,9/6/92,35.54,66.14,-0.02329,0.00260,0.19542,
control,moistmsaddle,3,7/24/92,9/6/92,40.06,75.12,-0.00748,-0.00225,0.18451,
control,moistmsaddle,4,7/24/92,9/6/92,58.46,79.54,-0.03340,-0.02183,0.23007,
control,moistmsaddle,5,7/24/92,9/6/92,51.75,87.59,-0.00181,0.00172,0.16985,
N+H2O,moistmsaddle,1,7/24/92,9/6/92,46.51,86.91,0.11490,0.01956,0.14518,
N+H2O,moistmsaddle,2,7/24/92,9/6/92,41.77,48.20,0.03136,0.01633,0.22222,
N+H2O,moistmsaddle,3,7/24/92,9/6/92,46.67,67.91,0.02006,0.02375,0.23196,
N+H2O,moistmsaddle,4,7/24/92,9/6/92,39.64,72.68,0.08831,0.03882,0.19997,
N+H2O,moistmsaddle,5,7/24/92,9/6/92,56.88,102.56,0.02122,0.00947,0.15719,
H2O,moistmsaddle,1,7/24/92,9/6/92,33.60,63.71,0.00748,0.01471,0.19872,
H2O,moistmsaddle,2,7/24/92,9/6/92,26.43,70.66,0.00068,0.00335,0.16541,
H2O,moistmsaddle,3,7/24/92,9/6/92,37.39,75.44,0.02119,0.00371,0.16435,
H2O,moistmsaddle,4,7/24/92,9/6/92,34.98,64.89,0.02832,0.00336,0.17198,
H2O,moistmsaddle,5,7/24/92,9/6/92,53.41,82.26,0.01200,0.00054,0.17020,
control,watershed,1,9/6/92,10/21/92,45.86,27.35,-0.00051,0.00050,0.10709,
control,watershed,2,9/6/92,10/21/92,59.06,35.33,-0.01022,0.00022,0.19282,
control,watershed,3,9/6/92,10/21/92,25.74,27.81,-0.00198,0.00117,0.08488,
control,watershed,4,9/6/92,10/21/92,42.05,23.20,0.00720, ,0.09636,
control,watershed,5,9/6/92,10/21/92,41.01,21.77,0.00130,0.00014,0.11359,
N,watershed,1,9/6/92,10/21/92,51.58,52.39,0.04403,-0.00070,0.16778,
N,watershed,2,9/6/92,10/21/92,57.82,61.82,0.08231,0.00133,0.19241,
N,watershed,3,9/6/92,10/21/92,60.68,87.07,0.07585,-0.00939,0.29534,
N,watershed,4,9/6/92,10/21/92,31.68,15.81,0.02675,0.00634,0.11960,
N,watershed,5,9/6/92,10/21/92,43.54,32.22,0.08352,-0.01992,0.16728,
control,Saddle,1,9/6/92,10/21/92,66.72,42.25,-0.00468,0.00075,0.16957,0.23449
control,Saddle,2,9/6/92,10/21/92,6.20,40.77,-0.00692,0.00016,0.11763,0.25464
control,Saddle,3,9/6/92,10/21/92,68.99,43.38,-0.00007,0.00048,0.17744,0.28241
control,Saddle,4,9/6/92,10/21/92,58.95,46.40,0.00094,-0.00028,0.14586,0.29566
control,Saddle,5,9/6/92,10/21/92,58.27,26.12,-0.04460,-0.02061,0.17172,0.22616
N+H2O,Saddle,1,9/6/92,10/21/92,61.12,53.71,-0.00760,-0.00023,0.17049,
N+H2O,Saddle,2,9/6/92,10/21/92,70.07,85.02,-0.01286,-0.00295,0.18474,
N+H2O,Saddle,3,9/6/92,10/21/92,63.26,73.24,-0.04585,0.00431,0.13696,
N+H2O,Saddle,4,9/6/92,10/21/92,74.35,68.79,-0.03229,-0.00382,0.20360,
N+H2O,Saddle,5,9/6/92,10/21/92,49.66,69.00,0.05320,0.00306,0.13019,
H2O,Saddle,1,9/6/92,10/21/92,64.00,63.18,0.00854,0.04924,0.14359,0.22660
H2O,Saddle,2,9/6/92,10/21/92,64.17,65.20,-0.00087,0.04863,0.15304,0.25250
H2O,Saddle,3,9/6/92,10/21/92,64.36,81.36,0.00673,0.07890,0.10546,0.38969
H2O,Saddle,4,9/6/92,10/21/92,67.63,52.15,0.00176,0.02685,0.19013,0.25011
H2O,Saddle,5,9/6/92,10/21/92,63.59,73.56,0.00796,0.07333,0.15163,0.27620
control,watershed,1,10/21/92,,30.74,,,, ,
control,watershed,2,10/21/92,,30.73,,,,0.14163,
control,watershed,3,10/21/92,,19.89,,,,0.08752,
control,watershed,4,10/21/92,,16.52,,,,0.07423,
control,watershed,5,10/21/92,,20.70,,,,0.09499,
N,watershed,1,10/21/92,,32.12,,,,0.14276,
N,watershed,2,10/21/92,,38.89,,,, ,
N,watershed,3,10/21/92,,34.47,,,,0.17605,
N,watershed,4,10/21/92,,12.81,,,,0.12999,
N,watershed,5,10/21/92,,25.42,,,,0.12807,
control,Saddle,1,10/21/92,,44.47,,,,0.13183,
control,Saddle,2,10/21/92,,45.21,,,,0.15360,
control,Saddle,3,10/21/92,,35.96,,,,0.20511,
control,Saddle,4,10/21/92,,35.63,,,, ,
control,Saddle,5,10/21/92,,39.37,,,,0.18259,
N+H2O,Saddle,1,10/21/92,,47.14,,,,0.22932,
N+H2O,Saddle,2,10/21/92,,39.76,,,,0.16274,
N+H2O,Saddle,3,10/21/92,,51.48,,,,0.22419,
N+H2O,Saddle,4,10/21/92,,62.20,,,,0.36228,
N+H2O,Saddle,5,10/21/92,,45.83,,,, ,
H2O,Saddle,1,10/21/92,,34.57,,,,0.11933,
H2O,Saddle,2,10/21/92,,46.05,,,,0.12997,
H2O,Saddle,3,10/21/92,,50.13,,,,0.13595,
H2O,Saddle,4,10/21/92,,28.40,,,,0.100871,
H2O,Saddle,5,10/21/92,,38.68,,,,0.133673,
,,,,,,,,,,