\log
The documentation section of this file was created by Mike Hartman
and Susan Sherrod in early spring of 1996. The data for 1995
were appended to the data section and the file was placed under
sccs control on 21 May 1996.[MAH 21 May 1996] The timing section
was updated to reflect that no further measurements were recorded.[MAH
27 September 2000]
\doc
TITLE. Krummholz controls of gopher distribution
ABSTRACT. Two ares of Niwot Ridge were examined for simultaneous
occurrences of krummholz and eskers created by Thomomys talpoides
(Northern pocket gopher) burrowing, in order to establish a relationship
between snowpack and gopher habitat. The krummholz east and northeast of
the Martinelli slope and the krummholz north of T-van were surveyed
for the abundance of gopher eskers. Using a tape measure, the minimum
and maximum distances of the eskers from the krummholz vegetation were
measured, with a value of 0 m indicating that the nearest soil core
was immediately adjacent to or actually underlying a branch of the
tree. With the use of a compass, both the northernmost and southernmost
bearings were measured from the krummholz to the esker. The krummholz
were tagged at the northeasternmost point whenever possible for
consistency, or the northernmost branches of the leeward side of the
tree island. All measurements were taken from the nearest protruberance
of the krummholz.
INVESTIGATOR. Susan Sherrod, INSTAAR, CB 450 University of Colorado, Boulder,
CO, 80309-0450, (303) 492-6865, ssherrod@snobear.colorado.edu.
VARIABLES. Distance between esker and krummholz, bearing from krummholz
to esker.
KEYWORDS. krummholz, Thomomys talpoides, pocket gopher, esker, snowpack, animal species composition.
LOCATION. Study area was the Martinelli slope at 3380 m elevation and
1 km southwest of the Niwot Ridge Saddle, and the area north of T-van
on Niwot Ridge. Original data are stored in Research Laboratory #1.
TIMING. once, July 1995.
CITATIONS.
COMMENTS. These data were manually entered into the computer using
an EasyEntry form and were then processed on culter, the NWT LTER
workstation. See "The Management of NWT LTER Data on the PC" and
"The Management of NWT LTER Data on culter" for more detailed information.
General site codes are TVAN for the area north of T-van on Niwot
Ridge, and MART for the area east and northeast of Martinelli slope.
Exact locations of the krummholz were not recorded, but general
descriptions were made on the hard copy data sheet. Comments
taken from the 1995 hard copy data sheets are date, general site
code, tag number, and comment:
7/11/95,MART,560,Slope 18 degrees - most eskers eroded. Short ridge
due W of esker may confer more protection than krummholz. Esker
4.2m W of [windward] side of another krummholz.
7/11/95,MART,561,snowpack upslope -> significant runoff.
7/11/95,MART,562,krummholz broad enough to provide shelter parallel
to wind (i.e., no eskers outside tree direction).
7/11/95,MART,563,snow remains, 7/18 follow up: no eskers.
7/11/95,MART,564,snow remains, followed up 7/18 no bearings taken; 563-565
are protrusions of a contiguous island (Abies lasiocarpa).
7/11/95,MART,565,S-most esker at 0m. max esker (at 16.6m) 4.4m from and due
N of another krummholz (i.e., at 0 degrees). 564 and 565: no deviation
from wind direction (7/18/95).
7/11/95,MART,566,1st island SW of 562. Furthest esker at 2.5m and 93
degrees is same as the min and S-most esker of 562. Min and N-most
esker sheltered by S. extension of 562.
7/14/95,TVAN,957,12-13m SE of terrace. All eskers in general direction of
110 degrees on S edge of krummholz.
7/14/95,TVAN,970,N-NW of 982. Eskers SE of terrace (further protection)
extending NE from T-van.
7/14/95,TVAN,985,983 directly behind 996, 985 directly behind 983,
996 due S of 982.
7/14/95,TVAN,983,eskers in general direction of 90 degrees.
7/18/95,MART,571,due N is rockpile at top of slope. At 330 degrees
is another krummholz and at 40 degrees is the tundra lab.
7/18/95,MART,572,S of 571.
7/18/95,MART,573,S of 572.
7/18/95,MART,574,SE of 571-573. Tagged on SE; terrace on NW side -> eskers
in general SE direction.
7/18/95,MART,575,SE of 571-573. Tagged on SE. Due W of 574.
7/18/95,MART,576,S of 575.
7/18/95,MART,577,S of 576. Max at 12.2 flanked up-and downslope by krummholz.
Snow remains upslope and some leeward.
7/18/95,MART,578,tundra lab at 32 degrees, sits "on top" of krummholz from
tag. Ravine < 50m E. Snow remains leeward. Max at 9.4 = N-most. S-most
contiguous with N-most of 579 and questionable due to snow.
7/18/95,MART,579,immediately E/SE of 578. snow remains -> min questionable.
7/18/95,MART,580,S of 579. Big snowpack leeward -> min questionable.
7/18/95,MART,581,S of 580. Significant snowpack -> questionable min.
N-most contiguous with S-most of 580. S-most contiguous with N-most
of 582.
7/18/95,MART,582,E of 581, some snowpack -> questionable min.
7/18/95,MART,583,pretty close to ravine (~17m). Tundra lab reads at
13 degrees, "on top" of krummholz (23 paces away) adjacent to ravine.
S-most and min questionable due to snow. S-most contiguous with N-most
of 584.
7/18/95,MART,584,E of 583 immediately adjacent to (W of) ravine. 3 protrusions.
Leeward length runs ~13-14m, affecting esker region. Immediately
eastward is ravine and then upslope -> probably accounts for huge max.
7/18/95,MART,585,parallel to wind direction - no deviation from path behind
krummholz. E side of ravine at top, i.e., N-most. Tundra lab at 22
degrees. Behind small krummholz protrusion.
7/18/95,MART,586,small island E of ravine. Tundra lab at 12 degrees. Small
island 24 paces N.
7/18/95,MART,587,parallel to tree growth and wind direction. Directly
behind 586.
7/18/95,MART,588,in front and E/SE of 587.
7/18/95,MART,589,immediately SW of 587, all sheltered to N and S by small
tree islands.
7/18/95,MART,590,tundra lab at 12 degrees. Behind (obstructed by) small
island - close to NE edge of krummholz habitat, directly behind larger
island at E edge. Min = S-most.
7/19/95,TVAN,591,NW-most, at top of ridge N of t-van.
7/19/95,TVAN,592,all parallel to wind direction; tree directly behind.
SE of 591.
7/19/95,TVAN,593,all parallel to wind direction; tree directly behind.
Close to ridge crest. Cairn at 80 degrees, Kiowa Peak at 248
degrees. E/SE of 591 and 592.
7/19/95,TVAN,594,all parallel to wind direction; tree directly behind. Cairn
at 64 degrees, Kiowa Peak at 250 degrees.
7/19/95,TVAN,595,all parallel to wind direction; tree directly behind.
On terrace running NE from T-VAN, willow directly NE. At edge of
solifluction terrace.
7/19/95,TVAN,596,all parallel to wind direction; tree directly behind.
T-van at 212 degrees, Kiowa Peak at 254 degrees. Below [NE - running]
terrace ~75m from t-van.
7/19/95,TVAN,597,S of 982. T-van at 240 degrees, Kiowa Peak at 253 degrees.
At bottom of E-leading upslope.
7/19/95,TVAN,598,At bottom of E-leading upslope. Barker Dam at 164 degrees.
T-van at 247 degrees, Kiowa Peak at 252 degrees.
\type
statistical
\header
COL1. label=date (mm/dd/yy), type=string, units=none,
missing value indicator=, minimum=, maximum=, precision=
COL2. label=general site code, type=string, units=none,
missing value indicator=, minimum=, maximum=, precision=
COL3. label=tag number, type=integer, units=none, missing
value indicator=, minimum=, maximum=, precision=
COL4. label=minimum distance, type=real, units=meters, missing
value indicator=, minimum=, maximum=, precision=
COL5. label=maximum distance, type=real, units=meters, missing
value indicator=, minimum=, maximum=, precision=
COL6. label=northern most bearing, type=real, units=degrees, missing
value indicator=, minimum=0, maximum=360, precision=
COL7. label=southern most bearing, type=real, units=degrees, missing
value indicator=, minimum=0, maximum=360, precision=
{*********************************************************************
If the data section below contains no data then you will need to
obtain permission from the investigator listed in the documentation
section of this file. If you have obtained permission or if the data
are already contained in this file, include the following
acknowledgment (in addition to an acknowledgment of the investigator)
in any published use of these data: "Logistical support
and/or data were provided by the Niwot Ridge Long-Term Ecological
Research project (NSF DEB 0423662) and the Mountain Research Station
(BIR 9115097)." Please send 4 reprints or high-quality copies of any
such publications to Todd Ackerman, NWT LTER data manager,
INSTAAR, CB 450, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0450.
The data contained in these files have many sources. Generally,
data collected prior to 1993 would have been subjected to quality
control standards imposed by the investigator. Data after 1992
were likely to have been manually entered and/or processed in the
NWT LTER central data management laboratory. Detailed information
on the quality control protocols and programs associated with any
data routed through the NWT LTER data management laboratory will
be supplied upon request. The user of these data should be aware
that, while efforts have been taken to ensure that these data are
of the highest quality, there is no guarantee of perfection for
the data contained herein and the possibility of errors exists.
If you encounter questionable data, please contact the NWT LTER
data manager (todda@culter.colorado.edu; (303) 492-4771) so that
the data can be corrected or qualified. Thus, these data should
be considered dynamic in that past data may be modified and future
data will be appended.
******************************************************************}
\data
07/11/95,MART,560,,7.31,,137.0
07/11/95,MART,561,2.30,4.40,4.0,115.0
07/11/95,MART,562,0.00,2.45,,180.0
07/11/95,MART,563,6.90,13.00,,140.0
07/11/95,MART,564,0.00,16.20,,
07/11/95,MART,565,0.00,16.60,,180.0
07/11/95,MART,566,0.00,2.50,330.0,93.0
07/14/95,TVAN,957,0.10,3.20,,110.0
07/14/95,TVAN,970,0.00,4.50,80.0,133.0
07/14/95,TVAN,982,0.35,20.70,355.0,109.0
07/14/95,TVAN,983,6.10,10.70,0.0,60.0
07/14/95,TVAN,985,5.90,15.40,0.0,65.0
07/14/95,TVAN,996,,,,
07/18/95,MART,571,5.65,9.20,58.0,88.0
07/18/95,MART,572,8.60,9.40,68.5,78.0
07/18/95,MART,573,5.40,16.80,5.0,100.0
07/18/95,MART,574,0.00,4.80,,
07/18/95,MART,575,0.90,5.80,90.0,123.0
07/18/95,MART,576,1.70,10.10,88.0,
07/18/95,MART,577,0.00,12.20,333.0,90.0
07/18/95,MART,578,,9.40,73.0,88.0
07/18/95,MART,579,5.70,18.80,58.0,95.0
07/18/95,MART,580,16.30,21.90,83.0,93.0
07/18/95,MART,581,12.60,16.90,0.0,57.0
07/18/95,MART,582,1.80,10.20,32.0,71.0
07/18/95,MART,583,9.20,16.40,45.0,69.0
07/18/95,MART,584,2.30,19.00,13.0,73.0
07/18/95,MART,585,0.60,3.70,,
07/18/95,MART,586,2.00,12.30,70.0,106.0
07/18/95,MART,587,0.00,1.50,,
07/18/95,MART,588,0.80,2.30,60.0,125.0
07/18/95,MART,589,10.40,15.10,88.5,128.0
07/18/95,MART,590,0.00,3.60,73.0,140.0
07/19/95,TVAN,591,0.00,3.10,44.0,108.0
07/19/95,TVAN,592,0.00,3.65,,
07/19/95,TVAN,593,1.00,2.40,,
07/19/95,TVAN,594,0.00,1.60,,
07/19/95,TVAN,595,0.00,5.70,,
07/19/95,TVAN,596,2.80,6.00,,
07/19/95,TVAN,597,0.70,10.70,53.0,95.0
07/19/95,TVAN,598,0.00,10.10,9.0,110.0