Green Lake 4

Green Lakes Valley
Silver Lakes Watershed, CO

 

Overview

Elevation: 3561 m / 11,683 ft
Max Depth: 13.1 m
Ave Depth: 4.0 m
Surface Area: 5.340 ha
Volume: 214,960 m3`
Spring-Summer
Thermal
Stratification:
Yes
Latitude: ° '
40.0552560°
Longitude: ° '
-105.6199030°
Basin: Green Lakes Valley

Hydrologic Connection

Lake Above : Green Lake 5
Lake Below: Green Lake 3

Environmental Data & Lake Links

Photos

Copyright

Maps

 

Access

ACCESS PROHIBITED: The Green Lakes Valley is located within the City of Boulder Watershed, which is closed to public access.

Description

Green Lake 4 is located located above treeline. It is an oligotrophic, alpine lake with low annual primary production. It is thermally stratified during the summer months (mid June through mid October). It is primarily fed by snowmelt, with minor contribution from glacial run-off including a small rock glacier. Lake sediments are slightly acid and reduced, containing moderate amounts of organic matter, and the median diameters of the sediment particles lie in the medium grained silt range (McNeeley 1983). The dominant erosion process appears to be mass wasting, although additional erosion processes such as hydrostatic pressure may occur (McNeeley 1983). The upper Green Lakes valley contains little vegetation, steep rock walls and talus slopes, a valley floor of glaciated bedrock, and many permanent snowpatches, including Arikaree Glacier below the Continental Divide [Caine, 1995]. The bedrock in this area is primarily composed of Precambrian schists and gneisses, the Silver Plume quartz monzonite, and Audubon-Albion stock [Wallace, 1967]. Most of the surficial deposits are of Holocene age, accumulated since deglaciation about 12,000 years ago [Harbor, 1984]. Historically, the upper two lakes were fishless, but due to accidental stocking in 1998, Yellowstone cutthroat trout now inhabit both Green Lakes 4 and 5. The watershed receives most of its precipitation in the form of winter and spring snowfall. Green Lakes 4 and 5 are ice-free only during the short growing season from late June or early July until early to mid October.

 

# Samples Counted : 187
# Taxa Counted: 95

Collection Types:

Positions in Lake:

  • lake center

Row Phylum Name Basionym Synonyms #samples ID
1 Bacillariophyta Achnanthes clevei (clevii) 1 1003
2 Bacillariophyta Achnanthes hustedii 1 1005
3 Bacillariophyta Achnanthes lemmermannii 9 1007
4 Bacillariophyta Achnanthes levanderii 12 1008
5 Bacillariophyta Achnanthes marginulata 2 1011
6 Bacillariophyta Achnanthes pinnata 1 1013
7 Bacillariophyta Achnanthes sp 10 1014
8 Bacillariophyta Achnanthes stewartii 5 1015
9 Bacillariophyta Achnanthes sublaevis 3 1016
10 Bacillariophyta Amphora veneta 3 1017
11 Bacillariophyta Anomoeneis vitrea 1 1018
12 Bacillariophyta Aulacoseira distans 13 1021
13 Bacillariophyta Aulacoseira granulata 11 1022
14 Bacillariophyta Aulacoseira lirata 13 1023
15 Bacillariophyta Aulacoseira perglabra Melosira perglabra Melosira perglabra, Aulacoseira lirata var. perglabra , Aulacoseira perglabra , Aulacoseira perglabra 13 1024
16 Bacillariophyta Brachysira sp. 2 1025
17 Bacillariophyta Caloneis ventricosa Navicula ventricosa 2 1029
18 Bacillariophyta Cyclotella ocellatta 1 1030
19 Bacillariophyta Cyclotella stelligera Cyclotella graeca var. stelligera? 1 1031
20 Bacillariophyta Cymbella laevis Cymbella gracilis 1 1032
21 Bacillariophyta Cymbella leptoceros 5 1033
22 Bacillariophyta Cymbella lunata CAN"T READ HANDWRITTEN NOTATION 5 1034
23 Bacillariophyta Cymbella minuta Cymbella gracilis var. minuta, Encyonema ventricosum var. minutum, Cymbella ventricosa f. minuta,Encyonema minutum 11 1035
24 Bacillariophyta Cymbella navicuformis 1 1038
25 Bacillariophyta Cymbella sp 1 1039
26 Bacillariophyta Diatoma anceps 7 1040
27 Bacillariophyta Diatoma heimale 3 1041
28 Bacillariophyta Diatoma vulgare 1 1043
29 Bacillariophyta Eunotia curvata 9 1044
30 Bacillariophyta Eunotia pectanalis (pictinalis) 4 1046
31 Bacillariophyta Fragilaria brevistriata 12 1048
32 Bacillariophyta Fragilaria construens 13 1050
33 Bacillariophyta Fragilaria pinnata 13 1054
34 Bacillariophyta Fragilaria sp. 36 1130
35 Bacillariophyta Fragilaria virescens 9 1056
36 Bacillariophyta Frustulia rhomboides 8 1057
37 Bacillariophyta Gomphonema angustatum 7 1058
38 Bacillariophyta Gomphonema olivaceum 1 1059
39 Bacillariophyta Gomphonema parvulum 8 1060
40 Bacillariophyta Hannaea arcus 2 1062
41 Bacillariophyta Melosira arentii 2 1065
42 Bacillariophyta Navicula arvensis 8 1069
43 Bacillariophyta Navicula cocconeiformis 12 1070
44 Bacillariophyta Navicula cryptocephala 7 1072
45 Bacillariophyta Navicula eligensis 2 1076
46 Bacillariophyta Navicula gastrum 1 1077
47 Bacillariophyta Navicula gysingensis 12 1078
48 Bacillariophyta Navicula jaerefeltii 1 1079
49 Bacillariophyta Navicula laevissima 5 1080
50 Bacillariophyta Navicula lateropunctata 5 1081
51 Bacillariophyta Navicula minima 13 1083
52 Bacillariophyta Navicula miniscula 13 1084
53 Bacillariophyta Navicula mutica 3 1085
54 Bacillariophyta Navicula pseudoscutiformis 13 1087
55 Bacillariophyta Navicula pulpula 12 1088
56 Bacillariophyta Navicula seminulum 7 1091
57 Bacillariophyta Navicula variostriata 12 1094
58 Bacillariophyta Neidium sp. 1 1097
59 Bacillariophyta Nitzschia intermedia 11 1101
60 Bacillariophyta Nitzschia palea 6 1104
61 Bacillariophyta Pinnularia biceps 11 1108
62 Bacillariophyta Pinnularia caudata 3 1110
63 Bacillariophyta Stauroneis anceps 11 1114
64 Bacillariophyta Stauroneis smithii 4 1115
65 Bacillariophyta Surirella angusta 1 1116
66 Bacillariophyta Surirella linearis 11 1117
67 Bacillariophyta Synedra cyclopum 8 1119
68 Bacillariophyta Synedra parasitica 5 1121
69 Bacillariophyta Synedra sp. 59 1126
70 Bacillariophyta Tabellaria flocculosa 3 1128
71 Bacillariophyta Unknown bacilariophyte 34 1131
72 Bacillariophyta unknown pennate 5 1129
73 Chlorophyta Ankyra sp. #1 62 2084
74 Chlorophyta Ankyra sp. #2 80 2087
75 Chlorophyta Chlamydomonas sp. #1 89 2085
76 Chlorophyta Chlamydomonas sp. #2 98 2086
77 Chlorophyta Chlorella minutissima Chlorella miniata 172 2016
78 Chlorophyta Chlorella sp. 50 2017
79 Chlorophyta Chlorococcum sp. 43 2019
80 Chlorophyta Monomastix sp. 17 2046
81 Chlorophyta Raphidocelis microscopica 58 2064
82 Chlorophyta Scenedesmus ecornis 168 2067
83 Chlorophyta Sphaerocystis sp. Coenochloris, Pseudosphaerocystis 13 2024
84 Chlorophyta unknown chlorophyte 61 2088
85 Chrysophyta Chromulina sp. 69 3003
86 Chrysophyta Chrysococcus sp. 96 3007
87 Chrysophyta Dinobryon sp. 49 3019
88 Cryptophyta Plagioselmis sp. #1 148 4014
89 Cryptophyta Plagioselmis sp. #2 112 4013
90 Cyanophyta Cyanophyte sp. 174 5035
91 Cyanophyta Rhabdoderma sp. 122 5029
92 Dinophyta Pyrrophyte sp. 3 8009
93 Haptophyta Chrysochromulina sp. 121 7001
94 Other Ciliata 30 9001
95 Other Unknowns 54 1

 

Images are not scaled. An individual that looks bigger than its neighbors might actually be smaller. All images were made to fit within an area of 360px high and 200px wide.


Ankyra sp. #1

Length 7-9 µm
Width 2-4 µm

Ankyra sp. #2

Length 7-9 µm
Width 2-4 µm

Chlamydomonas sp. #1

Length 6-8 µm
Width 6-8 µm

Chlamydomonas sp. #2

Length 3-5 µm
Width 3-5 µm

Chlorella minutissima

Length 3-5 µm
Width 3-5 µm

Chlorella sp.

Length 1-2 µm
Width 1-2 µm

Chlorococcum sp.

Length 8-10 µm
Width 8-10 µm

Chromulina sp.

Length 1-2 µm
Width 0.5-1.0 µm

Chrysochromulina sp.

Length 2.3-3 µm
Width 3-4.5 µm

Chrysococcus sp.

Length 10-15µm
Width 10-15 µm

Ciliata

Length 80-100 µm
Width 80-100 µm

Cyanophyte sp.

Length <1-1 µm
Width <1-1 µm

Dinobryon sp.

Length 3-5 µm
Width 1-1.5 µm

Fragilaria sp.

Length 25-35 µm
Width 2-4 µm

Monomastix sp.

Length 5-10 µm
Width 3-5 µm

Plagioselmis sp. #1

Length 10-12 µm
Width 5-7 µm

Plagioselmis sp. #2

Length 10-12 µm
Width 5-7 µm

Raphidocelis microscopica

Length 4-6 µm
Width 4-6 µm

Rhabdoderma sp.

Length 1.5-2.5 µm
Width 0.5-1.0 µm

Scenedesmus ecornis

Length 0.5-1.0 µm
Width 0.25-0.50 µm

Sphaerocystis sp.

Length 3-5 µm
Width 3-5 µm

Synedra sp.

Length 30-40 µm
Width 2-4 µm

Unknown bacilariophyte

Length
Width

Representative images missing for: Achnanthes clevei (clevii) | Achnanthes hustedii | Achnanthes lemmermannii | Achnanthes levanderii | Achnanthes marginulata | Achnanthes pinnata | Achnanthes sp | Achnanthes stewartii | Achnanthes sublaevis | Amphora veneta | Anomoeneis vitrea | Aulacoseira distans | Aulacoseira granulata | Aulacoseira lirata | Aulacoseira perglabra | Brachysira sp. | Caloneis ventricosa | Cyclotella ocellatta | Cyclotella stelligera | Cymbella laevis | Cymbella leptoceros | Cymbella lunata | Cymbella minuta | Cymbella navicuformis | Cymbella sp | Diatoma anceps | Diatoma heimale | Diatoma vulgare | Eunotia curvata | Eunotia pectanalis (pictinalis) | Fragilaria brevistriata | Fragilaria construens | Fragilaria pinnata | Fragilaria virescens | Frustulia rhomboides | Gomphonema angustatum | Gomphonema olivaceum | Gomphonema parvulum | Hannaea arcus | Melosira arentii | Navicula arvensis | Navicula cocconeiformis | Navicula cryptocephala | Navicula eligensis | Navicula gastrum | Navicula gysingensis | Navicula jaerefeltii | Navicula laevissima | Navicula lateropunctata | Navicula minima | Navicula miniscula | Navicula mutica | Navicula pseudoscutiformis | Navicula pulpula | Navicula seminulum | Navicula variostriata | Neidium sp. | Nitzschia intermedia | Nitzschia palea | Pinnularia biceps | Pinnularia caudata | Pyrrophyte sp. | Stauroneis anceps | Stauroneis smithii | Surirella angusta | Surirella linearis | Synedra cyclopum | Synedra parasitica | Tabellaria flocculosa | unknown chlorophyte | unknown pennate | Unknowns |

Sample
ID
Coll.
Date
Samp
Depth (m)
Position
in Lake
Collection
Type
Citation
(counts)
Sample
Notes
#
Taxa
106 1998-06-30 14.0 lake center sed core citation short Notes 27
107 1998-06-30 14.0 lake center sed core citation short Notes 33
108 1998-06-30 14.0 lake center sed core citation short Notes 35
109 1998-06-30 14.0 lake center sed core citation short Notes 35
110 1998-06-30 14.0 lake center sed core citation short Notes 30
111 1998-06-30 14.0 lake center sed core citation short Notes 37
112 1998-06-30 14.0 lake center sed core citation short Notes 32
113 1998-06-30 14.0 lake center sed core citation short Notes 30
114 1998-06-30 14.0 lake center sed core citation short Notes 30
115 1998-06-30 14.0 lake center sed core citation short Notes 35
116 1998-06-30 14.0 lake center sed core citation short Notes 40
117 1998-06-30 14.0 lake center sed core citation short Notes 34
118 1998-06-30 14.0 lake center sed core citation short Notes 35
155 2000-07-06 0.0 lake center water citation short 9
156 2000-07-06 3.0 lake center water citation short 11
157 2000-07-06 9.0 lake center water citation short 12
158 2000-07-13 0.0 lake center water citation short 11
159 2000-07-13 3.0 lake center water citation short 8
160 2000-07-13 9.0 lake center water citation short 12
161 2000-07-20 0.0 lake center water citation short 10
162 2000-07-20 3.0 lake center water citation short 10
163 2000-07-20 9.0 lake center water citation short 11
164 2000-07-27 0.0 lake center water citation short 9
165 2000-07-27 3.0 lake center water citation short 9
166 2000-07-27 9.0 lake center water citation short 7
167 2000-08-03 0.0 lake center water citation short 9
168 2000-08-03 3.0 lake center water citation short 11
169 2000-08-03 9.0 lake center water citation short 11
170 2000-08-10 0.0 lake center water citation short 7
171 2000-08-10 3.0 lake center water citation short 9
172 2000-08-10 9.0 lake center water citation short 9
173 2001-07-06 0.0 lake center water citation short 13
174 2001-07-06 3.0 lake center water citation short 11
175 2001-07-06 9.0 lake center water citation short 12
176 2001-07-12 0.0 lake center water citation short 13
177 2001-07-12 3.0 lake center water citation short 10
178 2001-07-12 9.0 lake center water citation short 10
179 2001-07-19 0.0 lake center water citation short 11
180 2001-07-19 3.0 lake center water citation short 11
181 2001-07-19 9.0 lake center water citation short 12
182 2001-07-26 0.0 lake center water citation short 8
183 2001-07-26 3.0 lake center water citation short 11
184 2001-08-03 0.0 lake center water citation short 10
185 2001-08-03 3.0 lake center water citation short 9
186 2001-08-03 9.0 lake center water citation short 10
187 2002-06-25 0.0 lake center water citation short 8
188 2002-06-25 3.0 lake center water citation short 13
189 2002-06-25 9.0 lake center water citation short 13
190 2002-07-02 0.0 lake center water citation short 9
191 2002-07-02 3.0 lake center water citation short 12
192 2002-07-02 9.0 lake center water citation short 14
193 2002-07-09 0.0 lake center water citation short 11
194 2002-07-09 3.0 lake center water citation short 10
195 2002-07-09 9.0 lake center water citation short 17
120 2002-07-10 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 16
121 2002-07-15 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 14
122 2002-07-15 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 13
123 2002-07-15 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 10
124 2002-07-15 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 13
125 2002-07-15 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 12
126 2002-07-15 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 14
127 2002-07-15 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 12
128 2002-07-15 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 14
196 2002-07-16 0.0 lake center water citation short 11
197 2002-07-16 3.0 lake center water citation short 8
198 2002-07-16 9.0 lake center water citation short 12
129 2002-07-17 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 16
130 2002-07-22 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 15
131 2002-07-22 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 12
132 2002-07-22 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 12
133 2002-07-22 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 12
134 2002-07-22 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 14
135 2002-07-22 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 15
136 2002-07-22 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 14
137 2002-07-22 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 13
199 2002-07-23 0.0 lake center water citation short 14
200 2002-07-23 3.0 lake center water citation short 10
201 2002-07-23 9.0 lake center water citation short 14
138 2002-07-24 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 11
139 2002-07-29 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 12
140 2002-07-29 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 12
141 2002-07-29 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 11
142 2002-07-29 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 11
143 2002-07-29 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 11
144 2002-07-29 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 11
145 2002-07-29 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 10
202 2002-07-30 0.0 lake center water citation short 11
203 2002-07-30 3.0 lake center water citation short 12
204 2002-07-30 9.0 lake center water citation short 13
146 2002-07-31 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 11
147 2002-08-05 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 12
148 2002-08-05 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 10
149 2002-08-05 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 11
150 2002-08-05 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 11
151 2002-08-05 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 13
152 2002-08-05 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 8
153 2002-08-05 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 11
154 2002-08-05 2.0 lake center water: n.e. citation short Notes 11
205 2002-08-06 0.0 lake center water citation short 11
206 2002-08-06 3.0 lake center water citation short 10
207 2002-08-06 9.0 lake center water citation short 13
331 2003-07-08 0.0 lake center water citation short 11
332 2003-07-08 3.0 lake center water citation short 11
333 2003-07-08 9.0 lake center water citation short 9
334 2003-07-15 0.0 lake center water citation short 10
335 2003-07-15 3.0 lake center water citation short 8
336 2003-07-15 9.0 lake center water citation short 11
337 2003-07-22 3.0 lake center water citation short 11
338 2003-07-22 9.0 lake center water citation short 12
339 2003-07-29 0.0 lake center water citation short 8
340 2003-07-29 3.0 lake center water citation short 10
341 2003-07-29 9.0 lake center water citation short 9
342 2003-08-12 0.0 lake center water citation short 11
343 2003-08-12 3.0 lake center water citation short 9
344 2003-08-12 9.0 lake center water citation short 8
345 2004-07-06 0.0 lake center water citation short 8
346 2004-07-06 3.0 lake center water citation short 7
347 2004-07-06 9.0 lake center water citation short 10
348 2004-07-13 0.0 lake center water citation short 7
349 2004-07-13 3.0 lake center water citation short 8
350 2004-07-13 9.0 lake center water citation short 8
351 2004-07-20 0.0 lake center water citation short 9
352 2004-07-20 3.0 lake center water citation short 7
353 2004-07-20 9.0 lake center water citation short 10
354 2004-07-27 0.0 lake center water citation short 11
355 2004-07-27 3.0 lake center water citation short 13
356 2004-07-27 9.0 lake center water citation short 11
357 2004-08-03 0.0 lake center water citation short 15
358 2004-08-03 3.0 lake center water citation short 15
359 2004-08-03 9.0 lake center water citation short 16
360 2004-08-12 0.0 lake center water citation short 15
361 2004-08-12 3.0 lake center water citation short 14
362 2004-08-12 9.0 lake center water citation short 9
363 2005-07-12 0.0 lake center water citation short 11
364 2005-07-12 3.0 lake center water citation short 9
365 2005-07-12 9.0 lake center water citation short 9
366 2005-07-19 0.0 lake center water citation short 15
367 2005-07-19 3.0 lake center water citation short 12
368 2005-07-19 9.0 lake center water citation short 15
369 2005-07-26 0.0 lake center water citation short 10
370 2005-07-26 3.0 lake center water citation short 12
371 2005-07-26 9.0 lake center water citation short 13
372 2005-08-02 0.0 lake center water citation short 12
373 2005-08-02 3.0 lake center water citation short 10
374 2005-08-02 9.0 lake center water citation short 13
375 2005-08-10 0.0 lake center water citation short 13
376 2005-08-10 3.0 lake center water citation short 11
377 2005-08-10 9.0 lake center water citation short 12
378 2005-08-16 0.0 lake center water citation short 11
379 2005-08-16 3.0 lake center water citation short 10
380 2005-08-16 9.0 lake center water citation short 11
381 2005-09-13 0.0 lake center water citation short 14
382 2005-09-13 3.0 lake center water citation short 13
383 2005-09-13 9.0 lake center water citation short 14
384 2006-07-06 0.0 lake center water citation short 15
385 2006-07-06 3.0 lake center water citation short 15
386 2006-07-06 9.0 lake center water citation short 18
387 2006-07-13 0.0 lake center water citation short 13
388 2006-07-13 3.0 lake center water citation short 11
389 2006-07-13 9.0 lake center water citation short 14
390 2006-07-20 0.0 lake center water citation short 13
391 2006-07-27 0.0 lake center water citation short 13
392 2006-07-27 3.0 lake center water citation short 14
393 2006-07-27 9.0 lake center water citation short 12
394 2006-08-10 0.0 lake center water citation short 14
395 2006-08-10 3.0 lake center water citation short 16
396 2006-08-10 9.0 lake center water citation short 14
397 2007-07-05 0.0 lake center water citation short 15
398 2007-07-05 3.0 lake center water citation short 12
399 2007-07-05 9.0 lake center water citation short 15
400 2007-07-12 0.0 lake center water citation short 16
401 2007-07-12 3.0 lake center water citation short 15
402 2007-07-12 9.0 lake center water citation short 12
403 2007-07-19 0.0 lake center water citation short 13
404 2007-07-19 3.0 lake center water citation short 15
405 2007-07-19 9.0 lake center water citation short 18
406 2007-07-26 0.0 lake center water citation short 14
407 2007-07-26 3.0 lake center water citation short 12
408 2007-07-26 9.0 lake center water citation short 13
409 2007-08-02 0.0 lake center water citation short 14
410 2007-08-02 3.0 lake center water citation short 9
411 2007-08-02 9.0 lake center water citation short 9
412 2007-08-09 0.0 lake center water citation short 14
413 2007-08-09 3.0 lake center water citation short 15
414 2007-08-09 9.0 lake center water citation short 11
415 2007-08-16 0.0 lake center water citation short 9
416 2007-08-16 9.0 lake center water citation short 10

 

To see the Green Lakes protocol manual, morphotype info, and more resources...
Visit the Green Lake 4 resources page

Citations -Count Data

Waters, S.B., (1999). Responses of algal communities to environmental change in an alpine lake, Green Lakes Valley, Colorado. Thesis (M.S.)--University of Colorado, 132 p.

Gardner, E.M., (2003). Effects of nutrient enrichment on phytoplankton in an alpine lake, Green Lakes Valley, Colorado, U.S.A. Thesis (M.A.)--University of Colorado, 52 p.

Flanagan, C.M. (2007). Understanding alpine watersheds in the Colorado Front Range: Phytoplankton community analysis and watershed education Thesis (M.S.)--University of Colorado, 117 p. | Abstract

Gardner, E. M., McKnight, D. M., Lewis, W. M., and Miller, M. P (2008). Effects of Nutrient Enrichment on Phytoplankton in an Alpine Lake, Colorado, USA Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research, 40(1): 55-64. DOI: 10.1657/1523-0430(07-002)[GARDNER]2.0.CO;2 | Abstract

Bell, T.A. (2009). A shift in diatom composition due to increased weathering and nitrogen deposition Thesis (M.S.)--University of Colorado, 69 p. | Abstract